



Lock(er) of Memory: Memorial to the victims of the Jungfernhof concentration camp (2019).
Digital drawings. Artist: Karen Frostig
Locker of Memory: Memorial to the victims of
the Jungfernhof concentration camp in Riga.
In operation between 1941-1944, the memorial presents
as a multi-media, interactive project that uses art,
history, science, and technologies to create
an innovative model of remembrance.
Memorial Artist/Sculptor: Karen Frostig
Architect/ fabrication artists and engineers: TBD
וְיָנוּחוּ בְשָׁלוֹם עַל מִשְׁכָּבָם
V’yanuchu b’shalom al mishkavam
May they rest in peace in their resting places.
—El Malei memorial prayer
I launched the Locker of Memory memorial project in 2019. However, the plan for a memorial project which sits at the center of this story, was seeded in 2002 in a project called Earth Wounds, dedicated to the destruction of.a small community forest in Newton, Massachusetts. For a short discussion about the progression of my work over the last 25 years, I’ve posted a video “What happens when we forget to remember” to this website, highlighting projects specific to my family’s Holocaust history.
The title “Locker of Memory” was prompted by the history of this forgotten camp. The title stirs a variety of associations, such as: private, public, hidden, revealed; locked in / locked out; protected memory, safeguarded, preserved; holding memory as an idea, a social construct informing individual and collective identities; a holding vessel containing ambivalent, forbidden, and repressed memories or even cherished memories; and complex feelings about trust, distrust, loss, freedom, and the unknown.
The memorial project is about murder and survival. The project has a broad arc. Developed in stages, the project encompasses research, an online virtual memorial containing an interdisciplinary presentation of the research, multiple partnerships, and numerous public presentations to include the Day of Remembrance event at Brandeis University (2024). The project will conclude with a permanent memorial installed at the site of the Jungfernhof concentration camp.
Each phase is funded independently, allowing the project to progress in a steady and cumulative fashion. In some instances, these phases will overlap, accelerating project development. —Karen Frostig
Site-Specific Location
Site-specific memorial projects mark specific sites of significance. Site-specific memorials transform an abstract idea about memory into a concrete plan based on historic evidence in relation to time and place. The Locker of Memory project is steeped in research and evidence gathering.
Working closely with historians and scientists for five years, the Locker of Memory project was based on a specific goal, to recover and preserve the history and memory of the Jungfernhof concentration camp and search for the lost mass grave containing more than 800 bodies. Using non-invasive ground penetrating radar, a scientific breakthrough took place in July 2024. Scientists found historic evidence in the form of recovered stones marking the foundational structure for the barracks containing Nazi-style “bunkbeds” for close to 100 imprisoned Jews. The barracks were built by Jews for Jews in the spring 1942 following the Dünamünde Action, whereby 1800 prisoners were shot on a single day into mass graves in the Bikernieki Forest. Made from crudely constructed wooden slats, prisoners who were confined to these overcrowded sleeping arrangements were exposed to typhoid, disease, and excretion of other bodily fluids, a lack of privacy, heat, interior toilets, washing facilities, as well as subjected to frequent police patrols. While darkness provided some protection, each night turned into a grim fight for survival.
The barracks remains the only recovered site on the land that verifies the presence of Jews at Jungfernhof. Therefore, the barracks will serve as an anchor, literally and figuratively, for a large-scale memorial project. The story-telling nature of the memorial will bring our attention to the dual nature of sleep at this setting. First, in its utilitarian function as a restorative nutrient in a life defined by slavery, starvation, extreme fatigue, and despair; and second, as symbolic of an interim place of rest that will also signify an eternal marker, representing thousands of German and Austrian Jews murdered at this site or in nearby forests.
The metaphor of rest becomes the most potent symbol of commemoration for the victims of the Jungfernhof concentration camp. An imaginative, iconic sculpture that strictly adheres to the history of the site, will be made from blackened steel. Situated within the foundational framework of the barracks and surrounded by glass panels containing the names of victims, the memorial will also embody a larger statement about the site as a place of rest. The complexity of this memorial will serve a dual purpose, to address the brutal history of the camp, while conveying the restorative quality of rest wrapped in a protective cocoon of remembrance.
Memorials do not provide closure. Closure produces a static outcome, akin to forgetting. Contemporary memorials challenge public audiences to reflect upon the history of the site in relation to changing ideas about truth and meaning. Memorials also pose new questions about community and civic engagement. They become gathering places that stimulate vibrant conversations about the past in relation to the present.
An internationally acclaimed team of geospatial scientists, led by Prof. Philip Reeder, Geographer and Cartographer at the Center for Environmental Research & Education (CERE); and former Dean (07/13-06/21) Bayer School of Nat. & Envir. Sciences. Now: School of Science and Engineering, Duquesne University; and Prof. Harry Jol, Geographer and Anthropologist and Ground Penetrating Radar Specialist, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire will lead the search to recover all the stones pertaining to the barracks. I am also working in partnership with Ilya Lensky, Director of the Museum Jews in Latvia and leading member of the Jewish Community in Latvia. Additional collaborations with Latvian architects and artists are in progress.
Victims and survivors names inscribed into a permanent surface such as stone or metal, convey a sense of endurance, unity and identity, defiantly counteracting feelings of erasure and anonymity accompanying genocide.
The names of victims and survivors also read as a stark form of evidence, disputing competing claims of genocide denial.
Earlier sampling of ideas for Memorialization
In 2020, I developed a memorial project to feature a blackened steel, vertical cubicle developed as a memory locker, inscribed with 3,836 victims’ names. Using chemical additives to hasten oxidization processes and enhance the locker’s patinated surface, the metal box was designed to change coloration over time. The names were organized alphabetically in four groups, corresponding to the four cities of origin.
Locker of Memory: Memorial to the victims of the Jungfernhof concentration camp (2019). Digital drawings. Artist: Karen Frostig
Locker of Memory memorial proposal situated at the pond (2018). Submitted to Latvia’s municipality. Proposal was rejected by the committee.The pond, belonging to the recreation park was already in use with a decorative water fountain. Digital drawing, Karen Frostig.
Locker of Memory panels situated at the camp and in an exhibition space with virtual reality headgear, (2018). Digital sketches Karen Frostig
“Arbor of Remembrance” proposal for a site-specific memorial, cultural center and organic farm (2010). Digital sketch. Karen Frostig
“Earth Wounds” (2002). Mourning Shroud and gravesite pegs as ritualized artifacts used to embellish a gravesite event; and digital print of neighborhood forest about to be demolished, containing my grandparents’ passport photos. I recently learned about the massacre of 1800 victims from the Jungfernhof concentration camp, bussed to the Bikernieki Forest and shot into mass graves.. Artist, Karen Frostig